Sistimi ea Ultrafiltration ea Tlhahiso ea Metsi a Liminerale
Ultrafiltration ke mokhoa oa ho hloekisa lera o arolang lintho ho latela boholo ba tsona le boima ba limolek'hule.E kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea lera la semipermeable le lumellang limolek'hule tse nyane le solvent hore li fete ha li ntse li boloka limolek'hule tse kholoanyane le likaroloana.
Liindastering tse fapaneng, ultrafiltration e sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhoekiso le khatello ea litharollo tsa macromolecular, haholoholo litharollo tsa protheine.Hangata e sebelisoa ho etsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa meriana, ho lokisa lijo le lino, le ho hloekisa metsi a litšila.Lisebelisoa tsena li ikemiselitse ho sebelisa lisebelisoa hape, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa, le ho tlosa litšila.
Ho feta moo, ultrafiltration ke ea bohlokoa ho dialysis ea mali, mokhoa oa bongaka o sebelisetsoang ho tlosa litšila le maro a mangata ho tsoa mali ho bakuli ba nang le bothata ba liphio.Ka ho khetha ka hloko lintho tse kotsi ha u ntse u boloka likarolo tsa bohlokoa, ultrafiltration e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba batho ba hlokang kalafo ea dialysis.
Ka kakaretso, ultrafiltration e fana ka mokhoa o atlehang oa karohano le tlhoekiso mafapheng a sa tšoaneng, ho ntlafatsa mekhoa, le ho kenya letsoho liphellong tse molemo ho liindasteri le likopo tsa bongaka.
Ultrafiltration e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa kalafo ea metsi a nooang, haholo litsing tsa metsi Jeremane.Ka matla a 300 m3 / h, ultrafiltration e sebelisoa ho tlosa likaroloana le li-macromolecules ho tloha metsing a tala, ho netefatsa hore e finyella litekanyetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa metsi a nooang.
Ultrafiltration e ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa o ikemetseng libakeng tse ka thōko tse nang le kholo ea baahi kapa e le sebaka sa mekhoa e teng ea ho hloekisa limela tsa ho hloekisa metsi.Ha o sebetsana le metsi a nang le maemo a phahameng a matla a emisitsoeng, mekhoa ea phekolo ea mantlha le ea bobeli e kang ho hlahloba, ho phalla le ho hloekisa li kopantsoe le ultrafiltration e le mekhahlelo ea pele ho phekolo.
Mekhoa ea UF e fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta mekhoa ea setso ea kalafo.Ha li hloke lik'hemik'hale ntle le merero ea ho hloekisa, ho netefatsa phepelo ea metsi a nooang a se nang lik'hemik'hale.Boleng ba sehlahisoa bo lula bo tsitsitse ho sa tsotellehe boleng ba metsi a fepa, ho lumella mohloli o tšepahalang oa metsi a nooang.Ho feta moo, boholo bo kopaneng ba limela tsa UF bo li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa litlhophiso tse fapaneng.
E 'ngoe ea matla a bohlokoa a ultrafiltration ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho feta litekanyetso tsa taolo bakeng sa boleng ba metsi.Ka katleho ea ho tlosa ea 90-100% bakeng sa likokoana-hloko, UF e netefatsa hore metsi a hloekisitsoeng a bolokehile hore a ka sebelisoa.
Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lits'ebetso tsa UF li tobana le mathata a amanang le ho silafatsoa ha lera le ho nkela sebaka, tse ka bitsang chelete e ngata.Ho fokotsa bothata bona, ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe phekolo e eketsehileng pele ho metsi a fepa ho qoba tšenyo e feteletseng ea likarolo tsa lera.
Maemong a mangata, ultrafiltration e sebelisoa e le mohato oa pele ho filtration limela tsa reverse osmosis (RO).Ka ho sireletsa li-membrane tsa RO hore li se ke tsa senyeha le ho senyeha, UF e thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebetso eohle ea ho hloekisa metsi.
Ka kakaretso, ultrafiltration ke mokhoa o sebetsang hantle le o sebelisoang haholo ho hlahisa metsi a nooang a bolokehileng, a fanang ka melemo e kang ho se sebelisoe ha lik'hemik'hale, boleng bo holimo ba sehlahisoa, le bokhoni ba ho feta litekanyetso tsa taolo.
Ultrafiltration (UF) e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lebese, haholo-holo ha ho etsoa cheese whey ho fumana whey protein concentrate (WPC) le lactose-rich permeate.Ka mohato o le mong, UF e ka tsepamisa maikutlo ho whey makhetlo a 10-30 ha e bapisoa le fepa ea pele.
Nakong e fetileng, ho futhumatsa mouoane ho lateloang ke ho omisa moropa kapa ho omisa ka spray e ne e le mokhoa o mong oa ho sefa lera bakeng sa whey.Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ena e ile ea fella ka lihlahisoa tse nang le lisebelisoa tse fokolang ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tsona sa granulated le ho se qhibilihe ha tsona.Ho feta moo, mekhoa ena e ne e e-na le sebopeho sa lihlahisoa tse sa tsitsang, lichelete tse phahameng le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa, 'me hangata li ne li senya liprotheine tse ling ka lebaka la mocheso o feteletseng o sebelisoang ho omisa.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lits'ebetso tsa UF tsa whey ea chisi li fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta mekhoa ea setso:
Matla a matla a ntlafetseng: Mekhoa ea UF e hloka matla a fokolang ha a bapisoa le mekhoa ea ho futhumatsa mouoane le ho omisa.
Boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahisoa: Ho ipapisitse le maemo a ts'ebetso, lits'ebetso tsa UF li ka hlahisa protheine ea whey e tsepamisitseng maikutlo ho tloha ho 35% ho isa ho 80%.Sena se tiisa boleng ba sehlahisoa bo tsitsitseng.
Ho boloka botšepehi ba protheine: Mekhoa ea UF e sebetsa tlas'a maemo a itekanetseng, e thusang ho thibela protheine denaturation.Ka lebaka leo, liprotheine tse ka har'a concentrate ea whey li lula li tiile 'me li boloka tšebetso ea tsona.
Leha ho le joalo, lits'ebetso tsa UF bakeng sa whey ea chisi li tobana le mathata a amanang le ho silafala, tse ka fokotsang tlhahiso haholo.Cheese whey e na le maemo a phahameng a calcium phosphate, a ka lebisang ho sekala ha lera.Ho rarolla sena, ho hlokahala mehato e mengata ya ho phekolwa pele ho leka-lekanya pH le mocheso wa sefepi, ho netefatsa ho qhibidiha ha matswai a calcium.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, lits'ebetso tsa UF li fetotse bongata ba liprotheine indastering ea lebese, haholo tlhahisong ea protheine ea whey.Li fana ka katleho ea matla, boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahisoa, le ho boloka botšepehi ba protheine.Leha ho le joalo, mehato e tlameha ho nkoa ho thibela litšila tse bakoang ke li-deposit tsa calcium phosphate.
Ultrafiltration (UF) e na le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata ho feta indasteri ea lebese.Lisebelisoa tse ling tse eketsehileng li kenyelletsa:
Ho sefshoa ha litšila tse tsoang mochining oa pampiri: UF e khona ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, lignin le litšila tse ling ho tsoa mokelikeli o hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mochini oa pampiri, ho thusa ho fihlela melao ea tikoloho le ho hlahisa metsi a hloekileng hore a sebelisoe hape kapa a tšolloe.
Tlhahiso ea chisi: UF e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea chisi ho tsepamisa liprotheine tsa lebese le ho tlosa metsi a mangata, e leng se etsang hore ho be le protheine e ngata ka har'a chisi.Hangata mokhoa ona o bitsoa lebese le hloekisitsoeng.
Ho tlosoa ha libaktheria lebeseng: UF e ka sebelisoa ho tlosa libaktheria, li-spores le lisele tsa somatic lebeseng le tala, e leng se lebisang ho boleng ba lebese bo ntlafetseng le ho eketsa nako ea bophelo.
Ts'ebetso le kalafo ea metsi a litšila: UF e sebelisoa liindastering tse fapaneng bakeng sa ho arola le ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng, li-colloid, le li-macromolecules ho tsoa melapong ea ts'ebetso le metsi a litšila.Ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho fokotsa lintho tse tiileng tse fanyehiloeng le lintho tse silafatsang, e leng se etsang hore ho be le metsi a hloekileng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape kapa ho ntšoa.
Ho hlaphoheloa ha enzyme: UF e ka sebelisoa ho arola le ho khutlisa li-enzyme tse tsoang ho moro oa ho belisoa kapa mehloling e meng.Mokhoa ona o lumella ho hloekisoa le ho bokellana ha li-enzyme, ho nolofalletsa tšebeliso ea tsona liindastering tse fapa-fapaneng, tse kang lijo, meriana le biofuel.
Motsoako oa lero la litholoana le ho hlakisoa: UF e sebelisoa ho tiisa matute a litholoana ka ho tlosa metsi le ho fokotsa molumo, e leng se etsang hore ho be le motsoako o phahameng oa litholoana tse tiileng le tatso ea tlhaho.Ho feta moo, UF e ka hlakisa lero la litholoana ka ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng le maru, e leng se hlahisang sehlahisoa se hlakileng le se khahlang haholoanyane.
Dialysis le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea mali: UF e sebelisoa haholo ho dialysis le mekhoa ea phekolo ea mali ho tlosa litšila, maro a feteletseng le chefo maling.Bokhoni ba li-membrane tsa UF ho khetha limolek'hule tse thehiloeng boholong li lumella ho tlosoa ha lintho tse kotsi ha li ntse li boloka likarolo tsa bohlokoa maling.
Ho tlosa letsoai le ho fapanyetsana ka solvent ea liprotheine (ka diafiltration): UF e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ntša letsoai le ho fapanyetsana le solvent ea liprotheine.Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho ntšoa ha letsoai ho tsoa litharollong tsa protheine le ho fapanyetsana motsoako ho buffer kapa tharollo e lakatsehang.
Tlhahiso ea maemo a laboratori: UF e sebelisoa hangata lilaboratoring bakeng sa ho tsepamisa maikutlo, ho hloekisa le ho arola li-biomolecules, joalo ka liprotheine, li-enzyme le li-nucleic acid.Ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa lipatlisisong le tlhahisong ea tekanyo ea laboratori.
Radiocarbon Dating ea masapo a collagen: UF e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšoa le ho hloekisoeng ha collagen ho tsoa lisampong tsa masapo a archaeological bakeng sa ho ratana ha radiocarbon.Mokhoa ona o lumella ho tlosoa ha lintho tse sitisang, ho etsa bonnete ba hore liphetho tse nepahetseng le tse ka tšeptjoang tsa ho intša.
